Nove tehnologije
| Zra?ni vjetroagregati |
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| Autor Iva Zelenko | |||||
| Srijeda, 12 Siječanj 2011 01:38 | |||||
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Stranica 1 od 3 Dugo se smatralo da je tehni?ki nemogu?e pridobiti energiju vjetra na visokim nadmorskim visinama, no tehnologija iskoritavanja energije vjetra ipak je otila korak dalje. Zra?ni vjetroagregat noviji je koncept vjetroagregata koji gotovo slobodno leti zrakom, a u mogu?nosti je raditi na visokim i niskim nadmorskim visinama. Gusto?a snage vjetra pove?ava se s nadmorskom visinom, pa tako na 80 metara nadmorske visine prosje?na gusto?a snage vjetra na globalnoj razini iznosi 58 W/m2, na 800 metara n.v. iznosi 205 W/m2, a na 2000 metara n.v. ?ak 600 W/m2. Upravo ove ?injenice uvijek su privla?ile znanstvenike da pokuaju doprijeti to vie, no kod standardnih vjetroagregata na odre?enim visinama struktura postaje eksponencijalno tea, nestabilnija i prije svega znatno skuplja. Ranih 1990-ih godina Jack Colin je patentirao ideju o zra?nom vjetroagregatu koji bi radio na principu samoodravanja, odnosno na na?in da bi se dio uzgona rotora koristio za podravanje teine samog vjetroagregata. Talijanski istraiva? Massimo Ippolito ovu ideju pomaknuo je korak dalje kada je primjetio da je kite u stanju prikupiti veliku koli?inu energije i zaklju?io da bi se sli?nim sustavom mogla proizvesti elektri?na energija. Razvojem tehnologije ideja o pridobivanju elektri?ne energije iz energije vjetra na visokim nadmorskim visinama prerasla je u prve prototipe, pa je tako 2000. godine u Italiji osnovan istraiva?ki centar u kojem se razvija projekt pod nazivom Kite Wind Generator Project, odnosno Kite Gen, a sam projekt i istraivanja vodi kompanija Sequoia Automation, iz Torina.
Problem hvatanja vjetra rijeen je upotrebom velikih kiteova, vrlo sli?nih onima koji se koriste za kitesurf, koji su kablovima usidreni na rotiraju?u strukturu. Kiteovi lete po unaprijed odre?enoj putanji, te se sila na kablove kojima su usidreni transformira u mehani?ku torziju koja pokre?e generator na tlu. Rotacija aerodinami?kog kitea oko vlastite osi zapravo imitira rad propelera koji rotacijom aktivira koloturni mehanizam na generatoru proizvode?i na taj na?in elektri?nu energiju. Kretanje kite-a prati se i odre?uje na tlu pomo?u posebnog kompjuterskog programa, te je njegove letove mogu?e automatski optimirati kako bi se iskoristila maksimalna snaga i proizvodnja elektri?ne energije, a u slu?aju smetnji kao to su nadolaze?i helikopteri, mali avioni ili ptice, kiteove je mogu?e u vrlo kratkom roku, od nekoliko sekundi, preusmjeriti.
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E da, kite je engleska rjec za "papirnatog zmaja" odnosno "zmaja"... iako, mogu si mislit kak bi to u prevodu glupo zvucalo (istina bog, ne puno gluplje od originala).